Understanding Bed Sores and Their Causes

What are bed sores, and why do they develop?

Bed sores, also known as pressure ulcers or decubitus ulcers, are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure on specific areas of the body. They commonly develop in individuals who are bedridden, use a wheelchair, or have limited mobility, as their bodies remain in one position for extended periods. The lack of movement reduces blood flow to certain areas, leading to skin breakdown.

How does prolonged pressure on the skin contribute to bed sores?

When pressure is applied to one area for too long, it restricts blood circulation. Without adequate oxygen and nutrients, the skin and tissues begin to deteriorate. This is particularly common over bony areas such as the:

  • Heels
  • Hips
  • Tailbone
  • Elbows
  • Shoulders
  • Back of the head

Bed sores develop in four stages, ranging from mild skin irritation (redness, tenderness) to deep wounds that expose muscle and bone.

Can clothing really cause or worsen bed sores?

Yes, clothing can contribute to or worsen bed sores in several ways:

  • Rough seams and tight fabrics – These can cause friction and irritation, weakening the skin over time.
  • Wrinkled or bunched-up fabric – Clothing that gathers in areas like the lower back or under the legs can increase pressure and create points of irritation.
  • Non-breathable materials – Fabrics that do not wick moisture away can lead to excess sweating, increasing the risk of skin breakdown.
  • Difficult-to-remove clothing – Clothing that requires excessive movement to put on or take off can cause unnecessary strain, particularly for individuals with limited mobility.
  • Since clothing is in constant contact with the skin, choosing the right materials and designs is crucial in reducing discomfort and preventing sores.